Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an essential role in the growth and development of female sexual characteristics and the reproductive system. The three major estrogens produced in a woman's body are:
- Estrone
- Estradiol - the predominant estrogen during reproductive years
- Estriol - the primary estrogen produced during pregnancy
Estrogens are steroid hormones synthesized primarily in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and fetoplacental unit. They bind to estrogen receptors on cells to trigger tissue-specific responses.
Functions of estrogen include:
- Development of female secondary sexual characteristics during puberty such as breasts, widened hips, and a feminine pattern of fat distribution
- Regulation of the menstrual cycle
- Thickening the endometrium (uterine lining) to prepare for implantation of a fertilized egg
- Maintaining the female reproductive tract and mammary glands
- Supporting bone strength and cardiovascular health
Estrogen levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, reaching a peak just before ovulation. If pregnancy occurs, estriol levels increase significantly. After menopause, ovarian estrogen production drops dramatically, but some estrogens continue to be produced in fat cells and the adrenal gland.
Supplementation with estrogen is sometimes used during menopause to relieve hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and osteoporosis. Estrogen therapy has benefits but also some health risks like blood clots and stroke.
If you have any other questions about this important female hormone, you can consult with the professionals at Rebalance Clinic .